Turbine-engine.



mmm-Mmm HLRLES W. DARE, 0l? GHICAGO, ILLNOIS, ASSGNOB T0 PYLE-NATIONALELECTRIG' EL'LLDLXGHT QGMPANE', F CHIKCAGO, ILLINQIS, A CORPORATION Ol?NEW J'lEnRl'lY..4 'le TURJBINEENGINE ummm Specification of LettersPatent.

Application filed August il, i913. Serial No. 782,975.

To all wko/my it may concern:

Be it known that l, CHARLES W. DARE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chi` cago in the county of Cook and State of u '.ilh'noisf1have invented a certain Enew and useful lmprm'ement in Turbinelngines,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements 1n turbines.

:tu lt is illustrated diagrammatically in' one :torni in theaccompanying drawings, lWhere- 1in-- Figurel l is an end elevation inpart seci tion with some parts removed; Fig. 2 is a section along line2*2 ot Fig. l; `Fig'. 3 is an elevation of one of the buckets; and Fig.

4i is a section along the line H of Fig. 3. Like parts are indicated bylike letters throughout the several figures.

a. is a turbine housing having a cover A1 and having projecting from theopposed side "4 erect a sleeve A? which sleeve is provided ior thepurpose ot connecting the turbine housing 'with the. housing` of somedriven machine such as an electric generator not f3 Tlk i a bearingnsupported inthe sleeve it. is 'a shaft rotatably mounted` learng. aspidermounted on a hub A which in turn mounted on. the shaft A4. It

r* A. is apertured as at Al to permit lthe it to pass through, and thatpacking Af' and A are provided to close this ure and make the housingtightl are turbine buckets grouped about criphery of the spider A? andprovided to lugs B1 engaging tue recess in the bler and locked inposition by the ring These buckets are arranged side by side indicatedin Fig. l so as to make a `oonzons series of buckets about the periphofthe Wheel. They are provided with .inwardly extending extensions B4which ject inwardly awayr from or beyond the.I the bucket toward thecenter of the n.' when assembled, thus forming an anfree space orchannel around the cr between the lips of the buckets and e steam supplynozzle. An annular ring upon the sides of the buckets farremoved fromthe spider and is held in non by theu screws B, its function bei notedthat the rear Wall of the hous".

ing to reinforce the outer sides of the buckets and hold them rigidlytogether,` thus adding to the strength and durability of the rotor andobviating the danger of displacement or distortion of the buckets. 4 I fC is the discharge -or expanding steam t@ i nozzle discharging into theannular free f space and through it into the buckets.

C1 is an annular steam chamber connected' by the passage C2 to thenozzle C.

C3 is a valve plug locatediwithin the am t5 nular chamber C1 containingthe valve" C, the valve seat C and. an annular steam chamber CG incommunication by-rneans ofv w the passage ways C7. with the annularchamber Cx and also connected with the passage C8 controlled by thevalve C4. 1

C is a steam chamber communicatinl with the passage 'C8 and connectedWit any suitable source of steam supply 'not shown by the pipe C1". D isa governor shown in elevation drivenv from the shaft A4 and adapted tooperate the bell crank lever D1 pivoted on' the@y bracket D2 tomanipulate' or operate the valve C1 against the spring Dato control 80the supply of steam.

' E is an exhaust chamber located outside of the buckets on the spiderand communi-v eating With the interior of the casing through theelongated passage Way or port E which port is closed by the buckets B asthey pass along. This chamber dischargesV through the exhaust pipe `E3at any suitable exhaust point. A guide wall 'E4 is provided -in front ofthe nozzle C coming down'to'a 90 point.r adjacent the `inner edge of thefree annular space formed by the bucket eXtensions l?)4 to form What is,in effect a nozzle'- shaped passage or port from the interior of thehousing to thel eirhaust chamber, this'9'5 port or passage beinginterrupted by or containingy Within itself the rapidly moving bucketcarrying rim of the rotor.

The use and operation of my invention are as folio s: With the parts inthe position shf'vvn;A he valveJ Ybeing held open by the spring, theengine will be started by admit` ting steam through the steam passageand nozzle to the bucket Wheel. This steam Will be controlled, ofcourse, by a throttle of the ordinary type which I have not illustrated.

The steam as it passes through the steam nozzle will increase invelocity from' l14:50 i

steam. Thus, instead of having one bucket feet per second to 3000 feetper second, and this rapidly moving column of steam will impinge uponthe buckets or vanes and exert aforce upon them which will rotate thebucket wheel. The `column of steam will after impinging upon the buckets-pass through them and be discharged from the opposite side ofthe nozzlefrom which it entered. It will rapidly pass out through the exhaustchamber and the exhaust pipe. The nozzle, it will be noted, does notcome into immediate close contact with the buckets but discharges intothe free annular Space or ring inside the bucket lips. Under ordinarycircumstances the steam may pass ww.rapidlyathrough-this s ace without'waste or overflow and be ischarged into the buckets.. lf, however, theturbine should be carrying an overload or if `for any other cause anyindividual bucket becomes choked with steam, then the steam instead ofbacking up into the nozzle and causing a reduction of velocity and otherdisastrous difiiculties will immediately overflow through this freeannular space, which for this purpose actsl as a by-pass, into theadjacent bucketwhich bucket will meanwhile having left the nozzle havetime to become clear of at work, you might have a number of buckets atwork, all ofthem carrying a portion of the load. There is thus notendency for the steam to leak over the sides of thebuckets or bedissipated by the atmosphere within the casin since this is gua the annuar ring bounding Ythe .free space, and no tendency `for' the lsteam toyback up into the nozzle because iteanv more easily overflow through anadjacent bucket.

The steam, as above noted, leaves the turbine at a relatively highrateof speed and passes rapidly through a port registering with thebuckets and out through the exhaust chamber and exhaust pipe. This, ofcourse, has a tendency to cause a vacuum in the interior of the housingor casing in the usual manner, and vthus all leakage will be drawnout'of the interior of the housing, passing through those buckets not inline 'with the nozzle into the exhaust chamber,

and a-vacuum of greater or less intensity as the c'ase may be will thenexist in the interior of the turbine housing, and this vacuum, ofcourse, will cause a reductionof air friction onthe turbine rotor andadd to the power of the engine. Moreover, the products of leakage, oil,air, water or the like such as may be drawn up through the buckets ofthe turbine; passing as they do through the nozzle-shaped passageleading from the interior of the housing to the exhaust port, will to acertain extent at least assist by impinging upon the turbine buckets indriving or rotating the bucket wheel. The operation ofthe governoi`shown in elevation needs kno rdedy against by' explanation here. ISuiiice it to'say that it operates in the usual manner and will hold llthe speed of rotation constant or fixed and independent lof changes inthe load. The

interior of the housing thus forms what I,

prefer to call a governor chamber. It 1s a chamber which in thisparticular instance contains the governor or partv of it together withother parts such as the valve and the likeriwlhs chamber is in formsubstantially equivalent to the total interior of the housing and it isthis chamber which is kept free of escaping steam and air and whereinthe actual pressure is kept below atmospheric by the peculiararrangement of the parts as set forth. By governor chamber I,therefore,l

mean that chamber which contains the moving parts and which in thepresent instance is artially bounded atl one point by the buc et wheelitself.

I claim:

1. A duid turbine having a supply nozzle,

a bucket wheel, and a channel for guidin the overflow 1 from one bucketinto and through the preceding bucket, said channel of across sectionsubstantially equal to or greater than the difference between the cross.section of the ngzzle' and the effective bucket opening.

2. A fluid turbine having a supply nozzle, a bucket wheel, and anannular channel on said bucket 'wheel in 'front ofv the buckets andbetween them and tlie nozzle, said channel of a cross sectionsubstantially equal to or greater than the difference between the crosssection of the nozzle and the effective bucket opening.

3. A fluid turbine having a sup ly nozzle, 4

a bucket wheel, and an annular c ann l 1nterposed between the bucketsand the nozzle, saidchannel of a cross section substantially equal to orgreater than the difference between the cross section of the nozzle andthe effective bucket opening.

4. A fluid turbine having a supply nozzle, a bucket wheel, and means forguiding the overflow rom one bucket into and through the precedingbucket, said means comprisl ing an annular channel interposed betweenthe buckets and the nozzle, said channel of a cross sectionsubstantially equal to or greater than the difference between the crosssection of the nozzle and the effective bucket opening.

5. A fluid turbine having a bucket wheel, a supply nozzle discharginginto said wheel against the buckets, said nozzle being removed from thelips of the buckets, and a channel interposed between said nozzle andsaid buckets for preventing the waste of steam past the buckets, saidchannel of -a cross section substantially equal to or greater than thedifference between the cross seotion of the, nozzle and theeffectivebucket opening.

i,iseseo ,a 'supply nozzle discharging into said wheel against thebuckets, said nozzle being `removed from the lips of the buckets, andmeans interposed between said nozzle and said buckets for preventing thewaste of steam past the buckets, said means comprising an ,annularchannel interposed between the buckets and the nozzle, said channel ofa, cross section substantially equal to or greater than the differencebetween the cross section of the nozzle and the e'ective bucket opening,y

7. A turbine comprising housinggfor the rotating parts, a governorchamber conf tained therein, a bucket wheel rotating therein, a supplynozzle located therein and discharging against said bucket wheel outnwardly, and an exhaust chamber in communication Vwith said'housing, thecommunication between said exhaust chamber and said governor chamberbeing closed by the bucket wheel.

8. A turbine comprising a housing tor the rotating parts, a governorchamber contained therein, an exhaust chamber, an annular portinterposed between them, and a bucket wheel rotating within the housing,the buckets of said bucket wheel passing through and closing saidannular port.

9. A turbine comprising a housing tor the rotating' parts, a governorchamber contained therein, an exhaust chamber, an annular portinterposed between them, a bucket wheel rotating within the housing, thebuckets'o said bucket wheel passing through and closing said annularport, and a supply nozzle locatedwithin said governor chamber anddischarging against said buckets and through said port.

l0. A.' turbine comprising a housing for rotating parts and an exhaustchamber, a connection between them, a bucket wheel rotating within saidhousing and passing through the connection between the housing and thechamber, a supply nozzle, and means for inducing a current from theinterior of said housing through said wheel to the exhaust chamber.

1l. A turbine` comprising a housing for the rotating parts, a. governorchamber con.- tained therein, a rotor inclosed 'throughout the majorpart of its length,and a single exhaust port and exhaust chamber, saidport interposed between said exhaust chamber and said governor chamber,said buckets passing through said port.

12. A turbine comprising a housing for rotating parts,/ a bucket whcclrotating therein and an exhaust chamber in communication with saidhousing, the communication between. said exhaust chamber and saidhousing being closed by the bucket wheel.

lf3. turbine comprising a housing for rotating parts, a bucket wheel,means for introducing steam at high vvelocity and impinging it againstthe bucket wheel and for discharging it from the turbine at relativelyhigh velocity, a nozzle-shapedaper- 4ture interposed between saidbuckets and the housing, and an exhaust port in line with saidnozzle-shaped aperture.

lli. A fluid turbine having a rotor, an eX- haust chamber on one sideVthereof and a nozzle and housing for rotating parts on the other side,openings on opposite sides of the rotor, the opening on the exhaust sidebeing larger than the nozzle.

15. A luid turbine having a housing for rotating parts, a nozzletherein, an exhaust chamber, a rotor wheel, a channel for the samebetween the housing and exhaust chamber, the buckets of the rotor wheelplaced so as to form an annular opening between the edges of the bucketsand the edge of the rotor wheel, a nozzle in the housing chamber and anopening from the housing chamber, both directed so as to deliverdiagonallyY across the rotor Wheel.

16. A Huid turbine having a central housing chamber containing movingparts, a rotor having an annular peripheral propeller ring locatedtherein adjacent the periphery thereof, an exhaust chamber outside ,ofthe rotor separated by it from and communieating only through it withthe central chamber. i

17. A Huid turbine having a central housing chamber containing movingparts, a r0- tor having an annular peripheral propeller ring locatedtherein adjacent the periphery thereof, an exhaust chamber outside ofythe rotor separated by it from and communicating only through it withthe central chamber, an apertured wall between the central housingchamber and the exhaust chamber, the aperture being in register with theannular ring,

i8. A fluid turbine having a central housing chamber containing movingpart-s, a rotor having an annular peripheral propeller ring locatedtherein adjacent the periphery thereof, an exhaust chamber outside ofthe rotor separated by it from and communicating only through it withthe central chamber, an apertured wall between the central housingchamber and the exhaust chamber, the laperture being in register withthe annular ring, a nozzleinsidel the housing chamber discharging towardthe propeller ring, and a channel between thenozzle and the bucket lips,said channel of a cross section substantially equal to or greater thanthe di icrence between the cross section of the nozzle and theetl'ective bucket opening.

lil. A fluid turbine having a central housing chamber containing movingparts, a rotor having an annular peripheral propeller ring locatedtherein adjacent the periphery lllllb thereof, an exhaust chamberoutside of the rotor separated by it from and communicating only throughit with the central chamber, a partition Wall located within the hone- 5ing-in front of the exhaust chamber and forming in part a nozzle-shapedpassageway discharging toward the propeller ring in line with thedischarge chamber.

20. A fluidl turbine having a central housing chamber containing movingparts, a rotor having an annular peripheral propeller ring locatedtherein, 'and an exhaust chamber outside the rotor, and connected Withthe v central chamber through the rotor alone, 15 and a nozzle likeopening from the housing -chamber into the rotor opposite the openinginto the discharge chamber, a channel between the nozzle and the bucketlips, 'said channel of a cross section substantially equal to or notless than the di'erence between the cross section of the nozzle and theeffective bucket opening.

In testimony whereof, I aix my signature in the presence of twoWitnesses this 26th day of July, 1913.

CHARLES W. BAKE.

Witnesses:

LAUREL M. DOREMJS, MINNIE M. LINDENAN.

